|
淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯
淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯 【Abstract】 This dissertation focuses on introducing some translating skills according to the features of English news headline. First, it is about translation of lexical items in English news headline, including translation of acronym, new words and midget words. As for the limitation of newspaper space, lexical items are commonly used in headline so this part is regarded to be essential and critical for the dissertation. Second, the paper discusses translation of proper punctuations not all punctuations are used in news headline. This part mainly introduces some translating techniques of frequently used ones such as comma, colon, and dash and so on. Third, the translation of rhetorical devices is the highlight of this paper. News headline is quite likely to produce striking effect by means of figure of speech. It could be translated literally at the most of time and sometimes it should be translated flexibly for the different culture backgrounds between china and English-speaking countries. Finally, this part focuses on the translation in terms of the grammar features of news headline which often differ from ones we usually accept, such as the omission of articles, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions and flexible use of tense, voice and non-predicate verbs.
【Key Words】 translation; News headline; English
【摘 要】 本文結(jié)合英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的主要特點(diǎn),通過(guò)具體的例子,介紹了英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯技巧.首先是英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題中詞語(yǔ)(包括首字母縮略語(yǔ)、新詞、小詞)的譯法.報(bào)紙有限的空間使得新聞標(biāo)題常用詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá),因此詞語(yǔ)的譯法是論文的一個(gè)重要組成部分,其次是關(guān)于某些在新聞標(biāo)題中常用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)所代表的意思的翻譯.再者,新聞標(biāo)題中修辭手法的翻譯是論文的重點(diǎn),新聞標(biāo)題經(jīng)常借助各種修辭來(lái)增強(qiáng)其表達(dá)效果,大多數(shù)情況下可采用直譯,但由于中英國(guó)家不同的文化背景,必要事需要采取靈活的翻譯技巧.最后,值得注意的是,英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的一些語(yǔ)法特征不同于我們平常所接受的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn),新聞標(biāo)題經(jīng)常省略冠詞、連詞、助動(dòng)詞等一些虛詞,其時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)法及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用也十分靈活.
【關(guān)鍵詞】 翻譯;新聞標(biāo)題;英語(yǔ)
1. Introduction
At a time when the pace of life is getting faster and faster, everything seems to be bidding for people’s attention, and newspaper is no exception. As the eye of the news, headline sits in a position to capture the essence of the event, demonstrate the readability of the news and attract readers’ attention. A good headline, generally speaking, should include such features as accuracy, brevity and clarity which are generally developed by lexical items, punctuation, rhetorical devices, and grammar. Put it in detail, first, as for words selection, such items as acronym, new words and midget words are commonly chosen for the headline. Second, not all punctuations could appear in headline, and the frequently used ones like comma, colon, and dash also indicate specific meaning of the headline. Third, in order to lead force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create atmosphere, headline is usually written figuratively. Finally, the limited space of newspaper demands that headline be concise and brief, and therefore it has developed its own grammatical style. The major difference of the grammar rules used for daily English and news headlines lies in the frequent omission of function words(article, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions and so on), and unique practice of tense, voice and non-predicate verbs. Such features of English news headline as mentioned above are essential and critical for readers to understand the connotation of news headline, and also are the difficulties and problems needed settling in translating English news headline. This essay focuses on introducing some correspondent translating techniques with these features of English news headline.
2. Translation of lexical items in English news headline
2.1. Translation of acronym
Acronym (word formed from the initial letters of a group of words) is one main form of English news title’s glossary variation. Since newspapers are limited in time and space, acronym meets the need, saving the space of newspaper. This chapter attempts to discuss some skills in translating acronym.
2.1.1. Translate according to its pronunciation
For example:
(1) OPEC 22nd Session Ends
(OPEC =Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油輸出國(guó)組織,即歐佩克)
---歐佩克第二屆會(huì)議結(jié)束
(2) AIDS---The Risk to Heterosexual
(AIDS=Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome艾滋病,即后天免疫缺損綜合癥)
---艾滋病危及異性戀愛(ài)者
2.1.2. Translating and shortening the full name
For example:
(1) NATO to Seek New Secretary General
(NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公約組織,簡(jiǎn)稱北約)
&nbs 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯p; ---北約尋求新任秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)
(2) USSR Dissolves, Mikhail CorbachevResigns: Boris Yeltsin Takes over
(USSR=Union of Soviet Socialist Republics蘇維埃社會(huì)主義共和國(guó)聯(lián)盟,簡(jiǎn)稱蘇聯(lián))
---蘇聯(lián)解體,戈?duì)柊蛦谭蜣o職,葉利欽上臺(tái)
2.1.3. Explaining all letters
In view of the fact that not all acronyms can be translated according to the pronunciation; otherwise readers would be confused. The translator had better point out the meaning of all letters.
It can be clearly seen in the below examples:
(1) BBC Considering Starting Global Television Service
(BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation)
---英國(guó)廣播公司擬開(kāi)通全球電視服務(wù)
(2) PLO Says Israeli Drive ahead
(PLO=Palestine Liberation Organization)
---巴勒斯坦解放組織說(shuō)以色列即將大舉進(jìn)攻
(3) START Announced to Begin June29
(START=Strategic Arms Reductions Talks)
---裁減戰(zhàn)略武器會(huì)談?dòng)诹露湃臻_(kāi)始
(4) 36th WTTC triumphantly closes in Yugoslavia.
(WTTC=World Table Tennis Championships)
---第三十六屆世界乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽在南斯拉夫勝利閉幕
(5) Government Is Covering up UFO Evidence?
(UFO=Unidentified Flying Object)
---美政府一直隱瞞不明飛行物真相?
(6) Hollywood Helps CIA Come in From the Cold
(CIA=Central Intelligence Agency)
---好萊塢為中央情報(bào)局重塑形象
2.2. Translation of new words in English news headline
As science and technology of the world swiftly develop, the contact among countries increasingly expands, more and more new English words are born to the world. In order to draw close to the social life, grasp the times pulse, news report need to create massive new words to reflect the world’s new things, new thoughts, new phenomenon and new prevailing customs to attract readers’ attention. “This kind of words may be divided into two types: one is to give old words new meaning. For example, ‘clone’ means ‘無(wú)性系繁殖’and then it is exuded to be ‘復(fù)制’; ‘Bug ’means ‘機(jī)器的毛病’now refers in particular to ‘計(jì)算機(jī)千年蟲(chóng)問(wèn)題’;Sept.11 or 9/11 has the special meaning because the terrorists attacked the US world trade building. The other is completely new words ,namely, coin age, mainly in the fields of science technology, such as Internetese(因特網(wǎng)語(yǔ)言),com, e-mail, e-commerce(電子商務(wù)),cyberspace(電腦空間), bio-chips(生物芯片), techno-millionaire(高科技百萬(wàn)富翁)and so on. ”[1]P108
For example:
(1) Year 2000 Bug Unstoppable for Some Corporations
---計(jì)算機(jī)千年蟲(chóng)問(wèn)題迫在眉睫
(2) American Online: Often Down, Never Out
---美國(guó)在線公司:屢挫不倒
(3) What Is Dateline?
---何為征婚熱線?
(4) The Sandbaggers
---用沙袋治沙的人們
(5) Cold-Fighting Drug May Be Used Against SARS
---千呼萬(wàn)喚始出來(lái)抗非典藥物有望面世
(6) Asia Pledge Action on Bird flu
---亞洲國(guó)家表示采取一致措施控制禽流感
(7) Yahoo Awards World’s Best Cyber cafés
---雅虎評(píng)選全球最佳網(wǎng)吧
2.3. Translation of midget words
“Midget words are verbs or nouns that are shorter or fewer syllable but more vivid employed in news headline to make it easier for readers to understand.”[2]P98 At this point, the translator should seek to produce something relatively equivalent to this kind of words in Chinese.
For example:
(1) War Strains and the Production of Killers.
---戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)壓力與殺戮者的產(chǎn)生
(2) The U.S. Proposal and Its Chances.
---美國(guó)的建議及其機(jī)會(huì)
(3) The Pressure on Cherbourg and the Enemy’s Distress
---瑟堡吃緊敵軍凄苦
(4) A Fertile Valley and Its Scourge
---肥沃河谷的災(zāi)難
Further examples:
(1) Report Backs Methadone for Addicts
---報(bào)道支持吸毒者使用鎂沙酮鎮(zhèn)定劑
(2) Nuclear Blast Seepage Is Found
淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯 ---核爆炸滲漏物被發(fā)現(xiàn)
“The words ‘back’ and ‘blast’ are shorter than the words ‘support’ and ‘explosion’, but there are no Chinese words Correspondent with them to express the difference in visually between ‘back’ and ‘support’, ‘blast’ and ‘explosion’, so it is only translated literally to be ‘支持’and ‘爆炸’,stressing in the significance transmission in spite of losing English midget words’ language characteristic.”[3]P98
(3) British Student Knifed in France
---英國(guó)學(xué)生在法被刺
Here if “knife” is translated to be “刀刺”,it would gild the lily.
(4) Chun Axes 37 Judges in Shape-up
---全斗煥在改組中撤掉37名法官
“If the word ‘a(chǎn)xe’ is translated literally to be ‘斧砍’ in Chinese, it is possible to cause two penalties: one is to make the divergence ---全斗煥在改組中用斧頭砍傷了37名法官;the other is that the scale of formality of Chinese word ‘斧砍’ makes it quite alien to the phrases ‘改組’, ‘法官’ and ‘全斗煥’.”[4]P98 Under such circumstances, we are concerned with the essential meaning implied in the words. When words or phases in the English news headline are meaningless or misleading if translated literally into Chinese, one is obliged to make some adjustments in translation to guarantee the headline pass into Chinese without losing its essence.
3. Translation of proper punctuations
News title is always simplified in structure; accordingly, punctuation plays a very important role in news headline. More often than not, certain punctuation can produce some kind of special result. The translator should pay attention to the concrete meaning of these punctuations while translating them.
3.1. Comma (,)
“Comma expresses the stop between the compound ingredients in title, and it is also used to replace ‘a(chǎn)nd’ in order to save space, generally being translated to be ‘和’ in Chinese.”[5]P29
For example:
(1) Australia,U.S. Seek More Ways to Promote Trade
(=Australia and U.S .Seek More Ways to Pro-mote Trade)
---澳大利亞和美國(guó)尋求更多途徑以促進(jìn)兩國(guó)貿(mào)易
(2) UN, Iraq Talk on Refugee Aid
---聯(lián)合國(guó)和伊拉克談判援助難民問(wèn)題
(3) China, CIS States May Share Cables
---中國(guó)和獨(dú)聯(lián)體國(guó)家合作開(kāi)發(fā)光電通訊
(4) Ready, aim, flambé: Army, Marine Cooks Battle Each Other
---預(yù)備、瞄準(zhǔn)、開(kāi)火:海陸兩軍交“火”廚師各顯神通(“The two commas in front of the colon are used to indicate display, and function as Chinese slight-pause; the last comma then is equal to ‘a(chǎn)nd’." [6]P67)
3.2. Colon (:)
In the English news title, the most eye-catching information is always put in front, and then some supplement information is drawn out to make up the subject after colon. The similarities in Chinese and English expression provide a series of parallelisms of content in translation.
Look at the examples:
(1)The$2 billion Makeover: Australia’s Olympic City Gets Ready for the Games
---二十億美元的大改造:澳大利亞的奧林匹克城準(zhǔn)備迎接奧運(yùn)會(huì)
(2) War Plan: the West’s Military Options
---戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)計(jì)劃:西方的軍事選擇
“Colon is also used to take place of relation verbs, and it is always translated to be ‘說(shuō)’、 ‘宣稱’、 ‘是’ in Chinese.”[7]P29
For example:
(1) Renminbi to Remain Reliable, Strong: Li
---李鵬說(shuō)人民幣保持可靠和堅(jiān)挺
When colon is used to show the source of a quotation, that is, equal to the Chinese word“說(shuō)”, in English it can be put in head of or after the speaker, while in Chinese it can only be placed after the speaker.
(2) Health Survey: New Yorkers Fitter, Slimmer
---健康調(diào)查稱紐約人更加健康和苗條
(3) Poll on Trial: Why Weren’t the Victim Cries Heeded?
---籠罩著審訊的疑云是為什么受害者的呼救沒(méi)人理睬
3.3. Quotation mark (‘’)
Generally speaking, single quotation mark is used in English news headline instead of double quotation marks. To be accordant with Chinese natural expression, it is better for translator to change it into double quotation marks in Chinese.
Look at the following examples:
(1) Abadan Oil Refinery ‘Destroyed’
---阿巴丹煉油廠“被毀”
(2) Arafat to Reagan: ‘W 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯e Are Still Here’
---阿拉法特告誡里根:“我們?nèi)匀淮嬖凇?nbsp;
3.4. Dash(—)
Dash is used to separate each independent clause in the title, and also frequently used to draw out the speaker before or after the subscript without the quotation mark. It is often translated to be “說(shuō)” in Chinese in order to draw out the speaker, and to be “再”in order to emphasize something.
For example:
(1) Labor Council Face Bankruptcy — Officials
---官員們說(shuō)勞動(dòng)黨委員會(huì)面臨崩潰
(2) Our Differences Can Be Overcome — Rockefeller
---我們的分歧是能夠克服的— 洛克菲勒(說(shuō))
(3) Yeltsin in Hospital — Again
---葉利欽再次住院
(4) World Unity against Terrorism Needed — Blair
---英國(guó)首相布萊爾說(shuō):世界各國(guó)在反恐問(wèn)題上需要加強(qiáng)聯(lián)合
4. The translation of rhetorical devices
Headline implies its meaning and is made to produce more striking effect by means of figure of speech such as alliteration, rhyme, metaphor, pun, allusion, exaggeration and so on. It becomes more difficult for translation because of the different culture backgrounds and the gap between the writer’s range of knowledge and experience and the readers. In order not to confuse Chinese readers, the translation of English news titles can “retain the rhetoric characteristics of the original text to achieve the same dissemination effect”[8]P95. The translator also should pay attention to making the translation “conform to Chinese title’s features and cater to Chinese readers’ reading habits”[9]P95.
4.1. Alliteration and rhyme
Alliteration and rhyme are often used in English news headline to create the demeanor effect, exaggerate the atmosphere, and bring to readers’ attention and interest. It is hard to get accordance with the original alliteration and rhyme in translation, so certain figure patterns must often be substituted for the proper expressions of Chinese.
For instance:
(1) Protestants Protest (alliteration)
---新教教徒示威抗議
(2) Soldiers Salaries Soar (alliteration)
---士兵薪水劇增
(3) Young Wheelers, Big Dealers (rhyme)
---駕駛摩托小青年,保險(xiǎn)公司大主顧
(4) Who’s Near to Reagan’ ear? (rhyme)
---里根耳朵,誰(shuí)愿聽(tīng)說(shuō)?
(5) Jazzy in Jeans, Sassy in Sweater (alliteration)
---穿上牛仔褲,活潑利索;套上毛線衫,瀟灑俊俏
(6) After the Boom, Everything Is Gloom (rhyme)
---繁榮好景不在, 蕭條接踵而來(lái)
Further examples:
(1) Desperate Need, Desperate Deed
. ---燃眉之機(jī),十萬(wàn)火急
This translation shows the good understanding of original text, and Chinese words “機(jī)”and “急” get up to the rhyme effect.
(2) The Sister Vs. World Taunts! Tautrums! Talents!
---姐妹對(duì)壘全世界 辱罵! 奚落! 天才!
“This title with three harmonics is uneasy to understand. On the one hand, it expresses the intensively competitive rhythm of sports; on the other, it indicates the highlight of the subject. It is well known that U.S. is a society with strong compatibility, but as for the black sisters who may draw little attention in the tennis world almost ruled by the white, this rhyme title in Times actually shows the strong effect caused by the black sisters.”[10]P67
4.2. Metaphor
“A metaphor always makes a comparison betweens two unlike elements, and this comparison is implied rather than stated.”[11]P166 The proper use of metaphor in news headline can produce vivid, striking effect and attract more readers.
For example:
(1) Middle East::A Cradle of Terror
中東---恐怖主義的搖籃
(2) Russian Reform::Old Wine in New Bottle
俄羅斯改革---新瓶裝陳酒
(3) An Afghan Joan of Arc
---阿富汗的貞德(“Comparing 17 year-old Afghan female soldier to 15 century French nationality heritress Arc”[ 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯12]P29)
(4) The Open Barn Door
---敞開(kāi)的糧倉(cāng)大門(“Implying that it is easy to get the US scientific and technical information”[13]P29)
(5) Carlo Ponti in Hot Water Again
---卡洛,龐蒂再陷困境(‘in hot water’ means ‘in trouble’ )
4.3. Pun
Pun is an amusing use of a word or phrase that has two meaning, or of words having the same sound but different meaning. “To pun is to play on words, or rather to play with the form and meaning of words, for a witty or humorous effect.”[14]P221 When translating these kinds of words or phrases, the translation must be in accordance with the context of the particular message.
For example:
(1) Soccer Kicks off with Violence
---足球開(kāi)踢,拳打腳踢(‘kick off ’means both“球賽開(kāi)始”and“拳打腳踢”)
(2) Climbers Hold Summit Talks
---登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員會(huì)師峰頂
“The original meaning of ‘Summit Talks’ is ‘首腦會(huì)議’。But this news report concerned the situation that China, Japan and the Nepalese three national destinies mobilized to Mount Qomolangma.”[15]P68 The pun here gives a rise to the expression.
(3) No Bellas.
---寥寥粉黛諾貝爾
“‘No Bellas’ and ‘Nobel’ are homophones, and Bella is a girl’s name. The title gets two meaning at the same time: for hundred years rare females have got the Nobel Prize and the translator uses Chinese rhetoric metonymy, making the translation more implicit.”[16]P54
(4) Royal Ballet Keeps Fans on Their Toes.
---皇家芭蕾,奉獻(xiàn)絕技
“Here the rhetoric of exaggeration and pun not only refers to the fact that the actress dances with toe, but also refers to dancing fans watch the dance standing on tiptoes ,which kills two birds with one stone.”[17]P230
(5) No Bill, No Bell.
---美以首腦會(huì)議不歡而散
“This report is about Clinton meets Israeli Premier Netanyahu, and both sides haven’t obtained the anticipated result in some questions. As we know, Bill is Clinton’s nickname, while Bell is Netanyahu’s. They haven’t called each other’s nickname during the discussion, and the atmosphere is not harmonious. The editor use ‘No Bill, No Bell’ to describe that the summits meeting between US and Israel is not completely satisfactory.”[18]P99 In this point, content is regarded as much more important than form. The headline is translated free rather than literally.
4.4. Allusion
Allusions are references to well-known persons, things, or events that writers assume are familiar to their readers. They serve to add clarity and significance to ideas and descriptions. Since these allusions are quite familiar to readers, the translation can also copy the original translating form.
For example:
(1) For Many in Cinema. All Roads Led to Wilder
---對(duì)許多影迷而言,條條道路通威爾德
“It is from the famous saying ‘All roads lead to Rome.’ Billy Wilder is the outstanding American satire movie director, who passed away in Los Angeles in March, 2002 at the age of 95.”[19]P109
(2) A Tale of Two Hearts
---雙心記
“Under this title tells a story about a patient was replaced with an artificial heart. This title copies mechanically the Dickens famous work A Tale of Cities ---《雙城記》”[20]P30
(3) Liberty Is the True Mother of Invention
---自由是 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯發(fā)明之母
(“Copying from the saying Necessity Is the Mother of Invention 需要是發(fā)明之母”[21]P30)
(4) Queen Lear
---李爾“皇”今昔
“This article describes US nowadays one of the biggest feminine patent monopolies ---W.P.Lear, from the Shakespeare’s works King Lear.”[22]P30
(5) Measure for Measure
--- 一報(bào)還一報(bào)
“It is quoted form Holy Bible. The news is about the Princess Diana whose death is said to be related with the Prince Charles. If Charles gives up the throne and the Prince William takes the seat, and then Diana would rest.”[23]P96 This translation is quite acceptable since it clearly and briefly reveals the content of the news, and at the same time it even gets correspondent with the original form.
Further examples:
(1) Lame-duck Presidents: AUS Oddity
--- 跛鴨總統(tǒng):美國(guó)奇聞
It is slang, referring to elected official in his final period of office.
(2) The Liberty ‘Golden Oldies’
---(美國(guó))自由派的金牌老朽們
‘Golden oldies’ is a proverb which satirizes American Liberal.
(3) To Arm or Not to Arm—That Is the Question
--- (英國(guó)警察)攜帶武器還是不攜帶武器是個(gè)問(wèn)題
( “copying mechanically the famous saying from Hamlet ‘To be or not to be, that is the question ’”[24]P53)
(4) Don’t Cry for Me, England
---英格蘭,別為我哭泣
(from a song that enjoys great popularity—Don’t cry for me, Argentina)
(5) Where there’s Smoke, There’s Cash.
---有煙才有錢
“The title copies the proverb ‘Where there’s reek, there’s heat’ to satirize the politics of the America’s interest group. Cigarette is nearly pressed by everyone in the US, but it cannot be overthrown actually, because the politicians need political donation from the tobacconists, and after receiving, they take care of the benefit of the tobacconists.”[25]P98 The title can apply to the translation pattern of the original idiom. The translation maintained the original text’s succinct and concise features.
4.5. Exaggeration
“Exaggeration is an effective device to intensify emotion, to elevate a person or thing to heroic or mythical status, or to poke fun at or ridicule. Moreover, its form, too, can vary from a phrase, a sentence, to a paragraph or paragraphs of description.”[26]P199 The translator should try to seek the same or similar effect while translating.
For example:
(1) Vow to Zip His Lips
---誓將守口如瓶
Obviously the author used the exaggeration to strengthen the language and achieve the humorous and emphasis effect.
(2) Decision and Division.
---判決和分歧
It has a sub-headline that is ‘For Ten Minutes Last Week, America Stood Still—上星期,美國(guó)靜止了十分鐘’. Here author also utilizes exaggeration in order to express people’s great surprising.
5. Translation in terms of the grammar features.
The linguistic characteristics of the English news headline in the grammar are also displayed in omission, unique usage of tense, voice and non-predicate verbs as well. Tense usage is simple but flexible in news title, referring to past, present and future. However, tense and voice application in the title is not completely out of the rule. Usually, general present is used to express past, infinitive refers to the future, present participle expresses the occurring matter, and passive voice is frequently expressed directly only by the verb past participle without linking verb.
5.1. Omission.
“Omission is the most common device in English news headline. Since such items as articles, auxiliary verbs, relative verbs, conjunctions, pronouns and 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯 so on in headline only indicate their grammatical functions, by no means of the same weight or importance in meaning; generally they can also be omitted in translation.”[27]P108
For example:
(1) Italian Ex-mayor Murdered
(= An Italian Ex-mayor was murdered)
---意大利前市長(zhǎng)遇刺身亡.(Omitting article and relative verbs)
(2) Pompeii Reported Seriously Damaged
(=Pompeii Is Reported to Have Been Seriously Damaged )
---據(jù)報(bào)道龐培遺址已嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀(omitting auxiliary verb)
(3) Forecast of Mexican Quake Accurate, But Ignored
(=The Forecast of Mexican Quake Is Accurate, But It Is Ignored)
---墨西哥地震預(yù)報(bào)準(zhǔn)確,但未被重視(omitting article, relative verb and pronoun)
(4) China Appoints First Governor in World Bank.
(=China Appoints its First Governor in World Bank.)
---中國(guó)任命第一位駐世界銀行代表。
(5) Florida Freeze to Increase Area Produce Prices.
(= The Florida Freeze Is to Increase the Area Produce Prices.
---佛羅里達(dá)嚴(yán)寒,將使本地區(qū)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品漲價(jià)。
5.2. Present tense expresses past:
(1) A Ground War Begins.
---場(chǎng)地面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)打響了.
(2) Sweden Defeats China.
---瑞典隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)勝中國(guó)隊(duì).
(3) UC Journalism Suffers Rough Year in Credibility.
---年來(lái)美國(guó)新聞界信譽(yù)下降.
(4)Two Scientists Receive State Award.
---兩名科學(xué)家獲得國(guó)家級(jí)獎(jiǎng).
However, sometimes the author also uses present to express future or present occurrence.
For example:
China Daily Delegation Flies to US.
---《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》代表團(tuán)將飛往美國(guó).
“Sometimes past tense also refers to the past things, which often occurs when present tense is unable appropriately to transmit the original meaning or is unable to achieve the right logic in grammar.”[28]P6
For example:
(1) They Thought They Were Better
--- (反里根派)誤在自視過(guò)人.
(2) Jury Acquits Woman 26, Who Killed Ex-husband
---位26歲婦女謀殺前夫,陪審團(tuán)竟宣判無(wú)罪.
5.3. Infinitive refers to future:
(1) Noppon Steel to Hold down Production
---日鐵將降低產(chǎn)景.
(2) Largest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nev.
---最大的中國(guó)貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)將于11月訪美
(3) US to Ease Technology Sale to China.
---美將簡(jiǎn)化對(duì)華科技銷售.
(4) China to Repay Big IMF Loans ahead of Time.
---中國(guó)將提前償還國(guó)家貨幣基金組織的大筆貸款
(5) Russia to Put Man on Mars by 2020.
---俄羅斯將于2020年前把人類送上火星.
(6) New Antibiotic to Be Approved in Asia
---新的抗生素將在亞洲批準(zhǔn)上市
(7) No Place to Hide
---無(wú)處藏身
Sometimes future tense also indicates the future things:
(1) US Will Not Curb Arms for Israel
---美國(guó)無(wú)意削減對(duì)以武器援助
(2) Belgium Supports Frances, Denies It Will Quit ‘Snake’
(=Belgium Supports Frances and Denies It Will Quit ‘Snake’)
---比利時(shí)支持法郎,否認(rèn)將退出“蛇形行動(dòng)”
(3) We Will Not Be Intimidated. 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯
---我們不會(huì)被嚇倒
(4) Reeve Was Real-life ‘Superman’
---克里斯托弗.里夫永遠(yuǎn)的“超人”
(5) These First Ladies Were Second to None.
---無(wú)與倫比的美國(guó)第一夫人們
5.4. Present participle expresses present or future:
(1) Yugoslav Pianist Stirring Music World
---南斯拉夫鋼琴家震動(dòng)樂(lè)壇
(2) Deposits, Loans Rising in HK.
---存貸款額在港回升.
(3) Signs of Rifts Appearing in Argentina’s Junta
---阿根廷軍人政府出現(xiàn)內(nèi)訌跡象
(4) Centre to Forecast Air Quality in Major Cities Starting in June.
---空氣質(zhì)量預(yù)報(bào)中心將于6月始向多個(gè)城市發(fā)布
5.5. The past participle refers to the voice:
(1) US Car Makers Viewed as Threat by Europeans
---美國(guó)汽車制造商被歐洲人視為威脅
(2) Indians Stunted by Malnutrition.
---印度人因營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良發(fā)育遲緩
(3) Coverage Denied.
---拒絕提供保險(xiǎn)
(4) Iraq National Museum Treasures Plundered.
---伊拉克國(guó)家博物館被洗劫一空。
(5) Women Undecided in US Election.
---總統(tǒng)大選如火如荼女性選民舉棋不定。
“When dealing with the tense and voice in English news title, the translator should pay attention to not being confused by the superficial form. The present tense and passive voice are easily misleading since the present might express the past, the present and the future tense, and the passive voice looks similar with the past tense,. When doing translation, the translator first should understand accurately the real implication of the tense and voice through reading the main content of the news and then he/she could transmit the right information about tense and voice. When translating, the translator can add on Chinese words such as ‘將’, ‘了’, ‘被’ and so on to express the tense.”[29]P6 Look at the examples referred above, and pay attention to the words underlined:
(1) A Ground War Begins.
---場(chǎng)地面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)打響了.
(2) China Daily Delegation Flies to US.
---《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》代表團(tuán)將飛往美國(guó).
(3) Noppon Steel to Hold down Production
---日鐵將降低產(chǎn)景.
(4) Centre to Forecast Air Quality in Major Cities Starting in June.
---空氣質(zhì)量預(yù)報(bào)中心將于6月始向多個(gè)城市發(fā)布
Sometimes without those words, the tense and voice also can be transmitted, so this kind of prompt words can be omitted. Also see the examples as mentioned above:
(1) Sweden Defeats China.
---瑞典隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)勝中國(guó)隊(duì).
(2) They Thought They Were Better
--- (反里根派)誤在自視過(guò)人.
(3) Jury Acquits Woman 26, Who Killed Ex-husband
---位26歲婦女謀殺前夫,陪審團(tuán)竟宣判無(wú)罪.
(4) US Will Not Curb Arms for Israel
---美國(guó)無(wú)意削減對(duì)以武器援助
Passive voice is frequently transformed to be active voice without using passive prompt words.
For example:
(1) US Car Makers Viewed as Threat by Europeans
---美國(guó)汽車制造商被歐洲人視為威脅
(2) Indians Stunted by Malnutrition.
---印度人因營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良發(fā)育遲緩
(3) Coverage Denied.
---拒絕提供保險(xiǎn)
Moreover, the key to deal with the tense and voice in title lies in conforming to the goal language’s custom and keeping the title’s characteristics.
6. Conclusion
In the present age of economic and cultural globalization, translation studies stands out as a central and focal discipline. News plays an important role in transform 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯ing information of this society. And news headline which is considered to be the eye of the news summarizes the whole news and gives people the first impression of news. As already indicated in previous chapters, English news headline has its own features. The translation of news headline should be at the basic of the features and accordant with the Chinese expression and reading habits. To fulfill these purposes, the translator must have an excellent background in English and also have a capacity for literary expression in Chinese. An acceptable translation demand the translator understand not only the obvious content of the news, but also the subtleties of meaning, the significant emotive values of words in headline, and the stylistic features which determine the “flavor and feel” of the headline.
Bibliography
[1] 張潔.試論英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊的新聞標(biāo)題及其翻譯.漳州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版).2004.3
[2] 曾文華,劉萍,朱錚錚. 英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊新聞標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)及翻譯. 嘉興學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào). 2004.7
[3] 同[2]
[4] 同[2]
[5] 沈志和.英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題翻譯研究.柳州師專學(xué)報(bào).2003.9
[6] 馬芫,田小勇.報(bào)刊新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)中幾個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的特殊用法及其理解與翻譯.上海理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版) .2003.6
[7] 同[5]
[8] 林林. 英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的修辭與翻譯. 遼寧師專學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版). 2004
[9] 同[8]
[10] 涂小金.英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題修辭現(xiàn)象與翻譯.南昌航空工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版) .2003.12
[11] 馮翠華. English Rhetorical options—a handbook of English rhetorical devices. 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
[12] 同[5]
[13] 同[5]
[14] 同[11]
[15] 同[10]
[16] 鄒爽. 淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯. 湖北財(cái)經(jīng)高等�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào). 2005.4
[17] 郜書(shū)鍇. 基于新聞學(xué)角度的英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題翻譯藝術(shù). 焦作工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版). 2003.8
[18] 同[2]
[19] 同[1]
[20] 同[5]
[21] 同[5]
[22] 同[5]
[23] 同[8]
[24] 同[16]
[25] 同[2]
[26] 同[11]
[27] 同[1]
[28] 鐘嵐. 英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)及其翻譯. 北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào). 2002
[29] 同[28]
|