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初三英語重點難點解析
初三英語重點難點解析 [作者] 周振行/陸偉平 [內(nèi)容] Unit 5 The Accident 本單元要求學(xué)生更好地掌握過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的各種句式，并能活學(xué)活用；掌握 用"had better"等來提出建 議的句式，通過做１８課的練習(xí)２之后，使學(xué)生 逐漸了解如何進(jìn)行課文縮寫。可以模訪第１９課的"ACCIDENT REPORT"進(jìn)行練習(xí)。 一、提出建議并能作出恰當(dāng)?shù)幕卮?/p> 在第二冊第６單元已經(jīng)學(xué)到過用"shall"，"Let's"和"why not"來提 出建議，并作簡略回答。 如： ①-Shall we go at ten? -Good idea! ②-Let's go at ten? -OK! ③-Why not go at ten?-All right. 這一單元里，主要學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)"had better"的用法。"had better＋動詞原 形"表示"最好做某事"，用 來向別人提出建議，其形式可以縮寫為"d better"。如： ①You'd better do your homework now. ②We'd better go to school. "had better"的否定形式為"had better not…"如：You'd better not watch TVnow. 二、學(xué)習(xí)過去進(jìn)行時的各種句式 在前一單元里，已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成和用法，這一單元著重學(xué)習(xí)它 的否定句式、一般疑問句式及 在從句中的用法。 １．過去進(jìn)行時的否定式在助動詞"be（was或were）"后面加上"not" 即可。如： I was not washing clothes last night. ２．過去進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句式為：助動詞"was或were"在句首。如： —Was Tom writing a letter at seven yesterday? —Yes,he was.(No,he wasn't.) ３．在含"when"和"while"（當(dāng)……時)引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中， 常有過去進(jìn)行時，表示一個 動作在過去某一時刻或一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生。 這一過去進(jìn)行時的動作可以出現(xiàn)在主句，也可以出現(xiàn)在從 句中，但要注意的是， 用該時態(tài)的動詞常常是一個持續(xù)性動詞。如： ①Someone knocked at the door when I was cook-ing ② While we were talking，my mother came in. ③ The twins were sweeping the floor when their mother returned. 另外，含"when"的復(fù)合句中，主句用過去進(jìn)行時，從句用一般過去時的情 況下，常包含有"意外"之概 念，如前例③。 三、重點、難點詞組和句子的分析 1. You look tired today. (2.17)（你看上去很累。） 該句中的"look"意為"看起來"，是系動詞，而在這種系動詞后面常用形 容詞作表語如look young/hap y/old/…等，另外，"look"也可用作實義動詞， 并且有許多相關(guān)詞組，如：look at …（看…）look like… （看起來像……）， look the same（看起來很相像），look for…（尋找……），look after…（照 料/照看 ……）等等。當(dāng)然，不能再用形容詞來作表語或修飾它，如果要修飾， 只能用副詞。如： Please look after your watch carefull. 2． A woman saw it happen when she was walking past．(L17) 表示感覺的動詞如"see，hear，watch"等以及一些其它動詞如"make， let"等，后接不定式作其賓語補(bǔ) 足語時，該不定式前不帶"to"。如： ①I'm tired．Let me have a short rest． ②Do you often hear Tom sing this song? ③I saw him go out．(我看到他出去了。) 另外,"see，hear，watch"等還可后接現(xiàn)在分詞作其賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： I heard someone laughing. (我聽到有人在笑。) 3．The children were leaving school on Tues-day when they saw a truck． (2．18) 該句中有二點需要注意： ①"were leaving"是過去進(jìn)行時的形式表示過去將來的動作，即"正要離 開……"。在英語中，個別動 詞如："leave，go, come，start"等，它們的 進(jìn)行時形式可以表示一個最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作。如 ： Are you going home next week? ②"leave school表示"(學(xué)生)離校；畢業(yè)"；中間不加冠詞。又如；go to school／come to school( 上學(xué))。類似的表達(dá)法如： in hospita1(住院)，leave hospital／come out of hospita1(出院)。注意比較下 句中冠詞的區(qū)別； His mother often goes to ____the school to seeher son at ______ school. 4.He did not see the bag until it was too late: (L18) "not…until…" 是"直到 ……才……"如: ①. She won.'t go away until you promise, to help her. ②. I didn't go home until I finished cleaning the classroom. 5. It's really nice of you. (L18) 該句相當(dāng)于"It's very kind of you."（你真好。） 6. He told her about the accident. (L18) "tell sb. about/of sth." 意為： 初三英語重點難點解析>"告訴某有關(guān)某事或 跟某人講述某事"。如： Please tell me about your family. 另外, "tell sb. sth./tell sth. to sb." "告訴某人某事"， "tell sb. todo sth. "："叫某 人做某事"。如： ① I told him my name. ② My grandfarther often told us stories when we were children. ③ She told the happy news to everyone. ④ Tell him to wait for me at the school gate. 7. Please hurry up! (L18) Miss zhao hurried off to look after the man.(L18) "hurry up"； "趕 快"；"hurry off"； "匆匆離去"如： ① Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. ② Tom finished the work and hurried off. 8. Give short answers to these questions.(L20) 一般地，在表示"……的"時，可以用以下四種形式： ① 's: 通常在表有生命的事物后，以"s"結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加"'"即 可。如： Tom's coat. Teachers' Day, Children's Day等。 另外，一些無生命的如表示"時間、城鎮(zhèn)"等的名詞后，也可加“s'"。如： Tomorrow's meeting, the city's streets, etc. ② of:通常是與無生命事物的名詞相連。如： Parts of China, a photo of my family ③ to:一些表達(dá)法已成為習(xí)慣，有時我們可理解為配套的事物。如：the key to thedoor, answers to t he questions. ④形容詞性物主代詞置于名詞前。如：my book. Unit 6. In the library 一、語法：現(xiàn)在完成時（一） １、構(gòu)成：助動詞have/has＋動詞的過去分詞 ２、主要用法：（一）動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在留有影響，可以與到現(xiàn)在為 止的時間狀語these days, up to now, recently, in the last two years連用，也可以與一些表示強(qiáng)調(diào) 的副詞aleady,yet,just, before, ever…eg.連用：I have (already) seen the film. Have you ever been there (before )? 注意：Ａ、動詞過去分詞的變化有兩種，一種與過去式的規(guī)則變化一樣（即 在動詞后加ed）；另一種為不 規(guī)則變化，需要熟讀熟記。規(guī)則變化如下： １）動詞原形加ed，如：work--worked ２）以e結(jié)尾加d，如：like--liked ３）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加ed，如：worry--worried ４）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫這個輔音字母 再加ed，如：stop--stopped Ｂ．現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別在于：一般過去時只單純表示過去的動 作和狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無任何聯(lián)系 ，時間狀語常為：yesterday， last week，3days ago, in 1990; 現(xiàn)在完成時則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系、影響 和結(jié)果。 eg. Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. When did you see it? I saw it last week. 二、詞匯與句型 have got=have 1．I think I've got one. ｛ has got=has ２．Here you are.這是一種倒裝語序，常用在口語中。 Can I use yourpen for a while? eg.｛ Certainly.Here you are. 類似的還有：There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. ３．Have you seen it anywhere? anywhere常用于疑問句和否定句；some where表示某個地方，常用于肯定 句；no where=not anywhere, e verywhene, 是處處、到處的意思。 eg. I can't find my pen anywhere. He has borrowed some money somewhere. I have looked for my lost bike everywhere. Where likes them to borrow them. ｛ Nowhere. ４．She also likes them to borrow them. borrow : 借來，借進(jìn)，與form連用。 詞組：borrow sth.from sb. ｛ lend:借來，與to連用。詞組： {lend sb.sth.lend sth.to sb. eg. Whom have you borrowed the bike from? Can you lend me your bike? wifh sb. ５．She is very strict, be strict｛ in sth. 初三英語重點難點解析 eg. She is strict in her job. Our teacher is strict with us. ６．Please be more careful from now on. from now on:從現(xiàn)在起，還有from tomorrow on, from then on, from next weekon. ７．I have never lost a book before. ago與before都是副詞，前者用 于過去時，后者用于現(xiàn)在完成時 ，泛指以前。 eg. I lost my pen three days ago. I haven't seen such a good film before. ８．We must both thank Lucy !注意both，all，each作同位語的位置： １．放在be動詞后；２．放在行 為動詞前；３．放在助動詞與謂語動詞中： eg. We are all students. They have both gone there. We each have an English book. ９．You must always return your library book on time. return表示give back, 故后面不再跟back. on a train 10.｛ by train不能加冠詞或任何修飾詞,類似的有:in a car,on my bike, by trainby bus,by bike,by air… １１．……，you must pay for it. pay for sth."付…的錢，賠償…" eg. I paid two yuan for the book.
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