初中英語第一冊17~30單元要點歸納
初中英語第一冊17~30單元要點歸納 [作者] 紀煥金 [內(nèi)容] 1.with,in with與in都有"用"之意,但"用"法不同。with表示"用工具"、"用 手、口"等。in表示"用語言、 話語或聲音"。例如: Please write the letter in English. He wrote it with a pen. 2.sone,any some, any均可用來修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,但some主要用于 肯定句或肯定答語中,any主要用 于疑問名、否定句(或否定答語)中。在表 示邀請、請求、希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中應(yīng)用some。例如: —Are there any apples in that basket? —No,there aren't any. But I can give you some. There isn't any water in my glass. Would you give me some? 3.take,bring,carry 以說話人為中心,take是把某人或某物從說話者身邊"拿走(去)"、"帶 走(去)”;bring是從別處將 某物或某人帶到說話者這里來,譯為"拿來"、 "帶來"。例如: Take this empty box sway and bring me a full one. 當不以某人為中心從一處到另一處的運動用take。例如: The No.3 bus will take him there. carry強調(diào)動作的方式,不說明動作的方向,譯為"搬、扛、抬"等,有時 與take用法相同。例如: They carried/took the books to the classroom. Look!They are carrying water. 4.other,the other other不特指,后面可接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞。the other特指兩者當中的另外一 個(或部分)。例如: Jack and some other girls went shopping. I have two sisters.One is a teacher,the other is a worker. 5.in a tree, on a tree 這兩個短語都有"在樹上"之意,但用法不同。表示樹上長出的東西,如果 實、枝葉等,要用on the tre e;當不屬于樹上生長的東西,如人或其它物"在 樹上"時,應(yīng)用in the tree。例如: There are some birds in the tree. There are lots of apples on that tree. 6.by bike,on a bike by后表交通工具的名詞須用單數(shù),而且其前一般無冠詞或其它修飾詞。若 名詞前有冠詞或其它修飾詞,則 應(yīng)用其它介詞,如on,in,而不用by。另外注意 onfoot(步行)。例如: I often go to school by bike.But sometimes on a bus or on foot. 7.speak,say,talk, tell say是"說出"、"說過",強調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容。speak重在"講",著重開 口發(fā)聲,不強調(diào)講話內(nèi)容,一般 作不及物動詞。作及物動詞時,其賓語通常是 表語言、真理的名詞。talk有“交談”之意,有較強的對答、討 論意味,多作 不及物動詞。tell重在"告訴"。此外"講故事"也用tell。例如: Can you say it in English? Can you speak English? He is talking with his English teacher. Can you tell me about it? 8.see,look(at),watch,read see作"看到"講,指結(jié)果。look指有目的地去看,具有一定的主動性,接 賓語時須與at連用。watch有" 觀看"之意,通常指觀看正在動的東西。例如: The old man looked at the blackboard,but he saw nothing. They are watching a football match. 注意:watch TV(看電視),see a film(看電影)。 read著重"看"帶有文字內(nèi)容的書、報等。例如: He is reading a newspaper(報紙). 9.have,there be have表某人或某物本身"擁有",there be表某處"有(存在)"某物(或 人)。例如: I have lots of friends. There is a pen in my pencil-box. 有時二者用法相同。例如: There are lots of apples on the tree. The tree has lots of apples on it. 10.put on,wear,be in put on強調(diào)"穿戴"的動作,wear指"穿戴"的狀態(tài)。put on與wear均 可指穿衣(鞋)、戴帽(眼鏡)等 。be in也表穿著的狀態(tài)。例如: It's cold outside. Put on your coat,please. They are all in (wearing)white clothes. 11.one,it 二者均為代詞,都可用來代替單數(shù)名詞,但用法有別。it是特指上文所提 過的東西,one是泛指與上文所提 的東西同類中的一個,不特指。one單獨使用 時前面無冠詞。但當one受形容詞修飾時,其前應(yīng)加不定冠詞,也 可在其前加 定冠詞,表示特指。例如: —Do you have a ruler? —Yes,I have one.I have a new one. 初中英語第一冊17~30單元要點歸納 —Could I borrow it? —Certainly. 12.teach sb.English teach后可接雙賓語。例如: 【誤】He will teach our English this term. 【正】He will teach us English this term. 13.too,very,much,very much too有否定含義,表示"太"、"過于"。例如: The coat is too small for me. I'll have to get a bigger one. very,much,very much均有:"很"、"非常"之意,但注意它們的區(qū)別: very修飾形容詞或副詞,不能直接修飾動詞,修飾動詞要用much或very much。例如: Li Lei is very strong. I like English(very) much. 修飾形容詞或副詞比較級表程度時,用much而不用very。但much不可用 來修飾原級。例如: He is much taller than I. 14.house,family,home family指"家庭""家人",與房屋無關(guān),著重家庭成員。house指人居住 的房屋,屬建筑物。home指自己 和家人住的地方。包括房屋及室內(nèi)的各種家俱, 有強烈的個人感情上的聯(lián)系。例如: There are two families living in this house. There are three people in my family. My home is in Shanghai.*
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