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高考短文改錯中的動詞
高考短文改錯中的動詞 [作者] 高德榮 [內容] 縱觀94年至97年的高考短文改錯一題，動詞所占比例大大高于英語十大詞 類中的其他詞類。94年占短文改 錯總分的40％，95年占27％，96年占30％（注： 改錯中還有兩個短語涉及到動詞），97年占60％。動詞的變化 多為時態(tài)、語態(tài)、 語氣、非謂語動詞，還有情態(tài)動詞、動詞固定搭配等變化形式。 94年短文改錯： There is ∧ public library in every town in Britain. 81. a ──There are branch library in many villages. ──── 82. libraries ─────Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to ── 83. costs ───borrow them. In some places you may borro w∧ many 84. as ── 附圖{圖}want has∧returned and is ready for you to pick up. 95. been ─── 分析： 83.cost→costs。屬于動詞數的錯誤。一般現在時中第三人稱單數形式，謂 語動詞應加s，故將cost改為c osts。 87.keep→kept。屬于語態(tài)錯誤。 被動語態(tài)中的動詞應為過去分詞形式，故 將keep改為kept。 91.去掉will。屬于時態(tài)錯誤。條件句中用現在時代替將來時， 從is可斷 定句子時態(tài)為將來時。當主句的 謂語動詞是將來時的定語從句，應用一般現在 時代替將來時。故此才將will去掉。 93.send→sending。屬于非謂語動詞錯誤。of是介詞，故應將send改為 sending。 94.to know→know。屬于非謂語動詞錯誤。let為使役動詞，let后的賓語 補足語的不定式符號省略。故應 將to know改為know。 95.has returned→has been returned。屬于語態(tài)錯誤， 故將hasreturned 改為has been returned。 95年短文改錯：Dear Mr and Mrs Smith, I want to thank you again for have me in your ── 81. having ───home for the summer holidays. I had alway s 82.√ ──wanted∧return to the village after moving a way 83. to ──and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. ─ 84.was ── I told Mother, Father, Sister,∧all my friends 85. and ──here that a great time I had. I'll never for get ── 86.what ───the steamboat ride. I never knew about a rid e down ─── 87. that ── 附圖{圖}some times soon. Father and Mother would love to 高考短文改錯中的動詞> ── 92.time ──see you. Maybe you could come during a winter ─ 93. the ──holidays. Uncle Ben will also go back for C hristmas. 94. come ──I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time toge ther. ───── 95. wonderful ─────With best wishes. Yours truly, Tom 分析： 81.have→having。屬于非謂語動詞的錯誤。for是介詞， 故應將have改 為having。 83.return→to return。屬于非謂語動詞錯誤。want后面接不定式作賓語， 故將return改為to return。 84.it→was。屬于時態(tài)錯誤。由and連接的兩個句子， 時態(tài)應前后一致， and前的時態(tài)是過去時，and后的 時態(tài)也應是過去時。故將is改為was。 94.go→come。屬于動詞誤用。從上文我們知道Tom邀請Mr and Mrs Smith 到Tom家，Uncle Ben也到Tom家過 圣誕節(jié)。故不能用go， 應將go改為come。 96年短文改錯： 附圖{圖}to a American family. They live in a small ─ 87. an ──town. It was very kind for them to meet me ── 88. of ──at the railway station and drove me to their home. ─── 89. drive ──The Smiths did his best to make me feel ── 90. their ──at home. They offered me coffee and other 91. √ ──drinks. We have a good time talking and laug hing. ── 92. had ──together. They ∧ eager to know everything a bout 93. were ──China and asked me lots of question. In fa ct, ──── 94. questions ───── 附圖{圖} 分析： 89.drove→drive。屬于非謂語動詞錯誤。drive me to their home同to meet me at the railway stat ion是并列關系，因有 and連接，故用drive，不能 用drove。如用了drove，表面上看drove與was 是并列的關系 ，但與實際是 不相符的，it為形式主語，真正的主語應是不定式復合結構。注：88.for→of。 屬于介詞錯誤， 但這個介詞仍與不定式有關系，屬于不定式復合結構for (of) sb. to do中的介詞。 92.have→had。屬于時態(tài)錯誤。全文始終都是過去時，首尾應呼應，故將 have改為had。 93.∧→were。屬于時態(tài)及漏詞錯誤。因eager是形容詞不能單獨做謂語， 所以 eager前應加 were，were的 時態(tài)又與上下文呼應。注：90.his→their。 高考短文改錯中的動詞這雖屬于代詞錯誤，但仍與動詞有關，即短語 do one'sbest中的 代詞。 97年短文改錯：Dear Bob, Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher, ── 86. learned ────Miss Fang. I'd like to∧your penfriend, and get to know moreabout your country. 87. be/become ───── 附圖{圖}My name is Li Hua. I live in Beijing, where is the ── 89. which ───capital of China. I go to Hongqi Middle S chool. We 90. √ ──study quite a few subject, such as maths, Ch inese, ──── 91. subjects ────English and physics. I use to play ping -pong a lot ── 92. used ──in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. ───── 93. interested ───── Do you play any ball games? What ∧ your favourite sport? 94. is (what's) ────── I look forward to hear from you soon. ── 95. hearing ──── Yours, Li Hua 分析： 86.learn→learned。屬時態(tài)錯誤。 "我從老師那兒了解到你的情況"，這 已是過去的事了，故應將lear n改為learned。 87.∧be/become。屬于非謂語動詞錯誤。would/should like todo是固定 搭配，故to后應用動詞原形。 取文意"做你的筆友"，故應添上be或become。 92.use→used。屬于時態(tài)錯誤。used to do表示"過去常常"，因下文有 now，而且還有連詞but，故應將 use改為used。 93.interesting→interested。屬于非謂語動詞錯誤。主語為I，故要用過 去分詞表示"對……感興趣"。 94. what ∧→is 。 屬于動詞時態(tài)和漏詞錯誤。 因What yourfavourite sport？句中缺少系動詞， 故應加上is ， 且is 又與yourfavourite sport形式一致，從上下文可斷 定為一般現在時， 故此才在what后 加上is。 95.hear→hearing。屬于非謂語動詞錯誤。look forward to 中的to為介 詞，故應將hear改為hearing。
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