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新中考英語詞匯類試題解析
新中考英語詞匯類試題解析 [作者] 蔣樹業(yè) [內(nèi)容] 九年義務(wù)教育全日制初級中學(xué)英語教科書（JEFC）共收詞達(dá)1060多個，詞 組近400條。詞匯是構(gòu)成人類語言 大廈的建筑材料， 是語言三要素中最重要的、 最基本的要素，自然成為中考英語考查的一個重點(diǎn)。筆者隨意抽 取了96、97兩 年全國各省市中考英語試題共計35份試卷，作了統(tǒng)計分析，純詞匯考查的題目 平均占17.2分，其 考查的方式主要有如下幾種：單詞拼寫、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、詞語釋 義、詞組英漢互譯、單詞填空等，本文將分別作以 介紹。 一、單詞拼寫 這種題型重在考查常用詞匯的拼寫情況，多數(shù)省市采用在句子基礎(chǔ)上考查在 一定上、下文中單詞拼寫的能 力，要求寫出該單詞時必須考慮它所處的句子環(huán) 境，采用其正確形式。 1. I hear you're living ________ （高興）in the newbuilding. （'97黑龍江） 該題所空之處系修飾動詞living，應(yīng)用副詞形式happily。 2. September is the n _______ month of the year. （'97山西） 此題應(yīng)填序數(shù)詞ninth，注意n后不帶e。 3. Jack is h _______now,because he didn't have breakfastthis morning. （'97山西） 此題須根據(jù)后句"因?yàn)樗裉煸缟衔闯栽顼?，才可推斷出Jack現(xiàn)在是餓 了，因此應(yīng)填hungry（而不填ha ppy, healthy, helpful, heavy等其它以h 開頭的形容詞）。 4. Keep _______（傳）the ball to each other, and you'llbe OK. （'97黑龍江） 該題應(yīng)填passing，keep后應(yīng)接動詞的ing形式作賓語。 5. This skirt is c _______ and the other is expensive. （'97山東） 該題填cheap。后面的expensive正好與該詞相對。 6.—How many m ________ are there in an hour? —There are sixty. （'96陜西） 填minutes。注意要用復(fù)數(shù)形式minutes，不能用單數(shù)形式。 7. Mary h _______ of trees are planted every year in ourcity. （'96黑龍江） 填hundreds。注意用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示"大量、許多"。 8. He _______ （清潔）our classroom every morning. （'96廣東） 填cleans。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，一般現(xiàn)在時，動詞用-s形式。 9. The old house is well _______ （保存）. （'97四川） 填kept。被動語態(tài)，該句意為"這棟老房子保存得很好。" 10. Li Ming is the best student in his class. He can dohis homework without any tr ______ ___. （'96新疆） 填trouble。前半句的介紹對正確選出所填之詞很關(guān)鍵。 二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換要求寫出所給詞的某一形式，其趨勢也是在句子基礎(chǔ)上考查。如： 1. Who runs _______ in the class? (fast) （'97北京） 應(yīng)填fastest。此處是有一比較的范圍in the class， 應(yīng)用副詞fast的最 高級。 2. Jack's father often makes him ________ (do) hishomework for three hours every day . （'97吉林） 應(yīng)填do。make作"使、讓"講時，其不定式賓補(bǔ)不帶to。 3. There are a lot of tall ________ (build) in the city. （'97吉林） 填buildings。首先根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮要用名詞， 其次要注意用復(fù)數(shù)。 4. The workers were wearing thick clothes and glasses tokeep ________ safe.(they) （'97遼寧） 填themselves。用反身代詞表強(qiáng)調(diào)。 5. He got up at six this morning and _______ the earlybus.(catch) （'97河北） 填caught。根據(jù)前面的動詞got判斷此處也應(yīng)用一般過去時。 6. Look，how _______ the baby is! (health) （'97內(nèi)蒙） 填healthy。根據(jù)感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，此處應(yīng)填形容詞。 7. People can't _______ without water or air. (life) （'96新疆） 填live。情態(tài)動詞后應(yīng)用原形動詞。 8. June 1 is _______ Day.(child) （'96吉林） 新中考英語詞匯類試題解析填Children's。注意大寫和用所有格。 9.—Which is your favourite month? —I think May is the________.(good) （'96云 南） 填best。前一句問的是最喜歡的月份，因此要用最高級。 10. All the people like the film because it's very ______.(interest) （'96河南） 填interesting。主語如果指人則應(yīng)用interested。 如：All thepeople are interested in the film . 三、詞語釋義 這一題型的題目較多地反映在同義詞語或相同表達(dá)上。 如：takecare of/look after, have a good t ime/enjoy oneself, go tobed/go to sleep, be good at/do well in, by air/by plane, nolonger /not...any longer, keep doing sth. / go on doing sth. befull of/be filled with, worry about/be worried about, feellike(doing)/would like(to do),at once/right away等。 例如： 1. They go shopping every day. A. buy things B. borrow books C. work in the shop （'97北京） 答案A。go shopping還可用go to buy things/shop （作動詞） /pay money for things in shops/do t he shopping等來解釋。 2. Don't worry. Your daughter will be all right soon. A.ill B.happy C.well D.nice （'97廣東） 答案C。all right指身體恢復(fù)健康。 3. "Thank you very much." "Not at all." A. Sorry B.You are welcome C. Certainly D.It doesn't matter 答案B。對感謝的答語還有：That's all right. /Don't mentionit 等。 4. Bull is badly ill. You have to send for the doctor atonce. A.look for the doctor B.ring the doctor up C.write to the doctor D.ask the doctor to come 答案選D。send for的含義為"派人去叫（請）"。 You have enough time. Don't hurry, please. A. Take your time B. Be quick C. Don't be late D. Do it soon （'97山西） 答案A。take one's time意為"不急、慢慢干"。 6. Please call me if you are free. A. not busy B. empty C.easy D.late （'96廣東） 答案A。許多形容詞／副詞可用"not ＋其反義詞"來解釋。 如：light/not heavy, dear/not cheap等。 7.Mr Jack will give me a call soon. A. call;out B.call;on C.ring;up D.give; a message （'96廣東） 答案C。打電話的詞語還有：make a phone call/phone sb. /callsb. up/give sb. a ring等。 8.This road is in the middle part of the town. A. north B.centre C.south D. place （'96天津） 答案B。類似的如：parents/ father and mother, photo /picture, problem/ question, Januar y/the first month of theyear, bedroom/room for sleeping 等。 9. We often hear from our friends. A. listen to B. hear of C. write to D. get letters from （'96深圳） 答案選D。再如：have a look at /look at ,get home/ go home, drink sth./ have a drink of, go s wimming/have a swim等。 10.—Can you mend my bike? —Sorry, I don't think so. A. I can't B. I can C. you can D. she can't 答案選A。sorry 的功能相當(dāng)于否定回答的no。 四、單詞填空 單詞填空在句子或語篇基礎(chǔ)上考查在一定語境下拼寫單詞的能力，單詞在具 體的上下文中，因此其形式在 原形基礎(chǔ)上有一定的變化，考查的方式不同，近 年來多采用看圖填詞和（常識性）填空等形式。例如： A：在下列句子中填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句子完整正確。 1. There are four ______ in a year. They are spring,summer, autumn and winter. （'97河南） 2. After a long walk I got very ________ , so I lay downand had a rest. （'97河南） 3. People in England use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the ______name. （'97江西） 新中考英語詞匯類試題解析 4. A: We'll have a look at the woollen sweaters. B: No hurry! Please take your _______ ! （'97遼寧） 5. A: Where is my coat, Mum? B: I _______ it away for you this morning. （'96吉林） 6. A: May I use your English book, please? B: Sure, but please _________ it back soon. （'96吉林） 答案與分析： 1.seasons。下一句說明是"季節(jié)"一詞，注意要用復(fù)數(shù)。 2.tired。after a long walk...和下文的……h(huán)ad a rest 說明不是 hungry/thirsty等。 3.family。在姓氏（surname）前用Mr, Mrs, Miss 等， 不可填given,full 等。 4.time。take one's time意為：No hurry/Don't hurry。 5.put。put...away意為"收拾起來"。 6.give。有些同學(xué)易誤填return, return不可與back連用，其后可直接跟 歸還的東西。如：return my En glish book。 少數(shù)省市還常采用英漢詞組互譯（'97吉林，'96云南）等形式考查詞匯， 許多省市采用的動詞（時態(tài)） 填空，補(bǔ)全對話、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、完成句子、綜合填 空（短）、選擇填空中也從不同側(cè)面充分考查了同學(xué)們詞匯掌 握和使用情況，可 以說詞匯是我們做好各種難度較大的能力性題型的基礎(chǔ)。 下面是詞匯類試題的類編（均出自96—97全國各省市中考題）： （一）根據(jù)句子中所給單詞首字母或漢語意思，寫出單詞。 1.How many kinds of flowers are there in Mr Smith'sg_______? 2.Mum, I'm h _______ . Can you give me something to eat? 3."Would you please open the door for me ?" the old womanasked p _______. 4.The radio says the bad w ________ will last for aboutthree days. 5.You may go to the school l _______ and borrow the book. 6.I think ________（九月）is the best month of the year. 7.There are two _______ （千）students in our school. 8.They ________（到達(dá)）school at six this morning. 9.September 10th is _________ （教師）Day. 10.It's _______ （好）to give than to receive. （二）根據(jù)句子意思，用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 11.Horses and ______ like to eat grass. (sheep) 12.English is widely used by _______ all over the world.(travel) 13. Australian seasons are________from Chinese seasons.(difference) 14.Here are ten of the _______ names.(run) 15.Summer is the ______ season of the year.(hot) 16.The wind is blowing _______.(strong) 17.The bottle fell down to the ground and________.(break) 18.They mustn't leave the baby by ________.(she) 19.It's ______ to play on the road. A car may hit you.(danger) 20.A:What does your mother do? B:She's a ________ .(clean) （三）選出與句子劃線部分意思相同或相近的單詞或短語。 21.The girl was so weak that she didn't catch up withothers. A.fell behind B.tried to hold C.ran after D.fell off 22.Grandma is ill. Let's take her to hospital right away. A.at first B. on time C.right out D. at once 23.What would you like, the red sweaters or the greensweaters? A. one B.these C.ones D. those 24.He prefers apples to oranges. A. likes; than other B. doesn't like; so much C. likes; as much as D.likes; better than 25.If you jump the queue, other people will not bepleased. A.step in a queue B.stand in a line C. take your time D.don't take your turn 26.He sat next to me and helped me with my English. A.behind B.between C.beside D.not far 27.My suit is broken. I want to buy a new one. A.wears B.wore out C.worn out D.wore 28.He got to Shanghai last week. A.arrived to B.arrived in 新中考英語詞匯類試題解析 C.went to D.reached in 29.Mary is wearing a red dress today. A.on B.in C.putting on D.having 30.—Shall we go to the island? —All right. Let's go there then. A.No B.OK C.What D.Sorry Key: （一）1.garden 2.hungry 3.politely 4.weather 5.library 6.September 7.thousand 8.reached 9. Teacher's 10.better （二）11.sheep 12.travellers 13.different 14.runners' 15.hottest 16.strongly 17.broke 18. herself 19. dangerous 20.cleaner （三）21.A 22.D 23.C 24.D 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.B 29.B 30.B
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